Rahman Lubis, Hizir Sofyan, Faisal. Published in the Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article for both commercial and non-commercial purposes , subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors.
Exports play a very important role in contributing potential revenue to the country. Increased exports may have impact which is straight or indirect in increasing the domestic production, economic growth, declining unemployment rates, and generating foreign exchange rates to comply the requisite of import costs.
The proficiency of the state to compete successfully in world markets, maintaining a trade balance that provides benefits and controlling external payment situations, reflects the economic strength and marginal competence of other nations. Therefore, export activities and the proficiency to export are required by a country in order success in international trade, where the export performances EP needed approaches in broad perspective concept in the form of quantitative and qualitative variables Sousa, There is a belief among economists that natural resources are meaningful blessing where countries with rich natural resources have more advantages compared to countries with a few or without natural resources.
Natural resources have assisted many nations to grow and develop their country, where the country then develops and provides the basis for developing-related technologies and capital goods industries Ding and Field, The global economy continues to strengthen gradually driven by the ongoing recovery in high-income countries, particularly in the US and Europe.
Indonesia is a supplier country in the world market. No less than countries are the export destination of Indonesia. From the released of statistical data by the Government Central Bureau of Statistics BPS , almost 5, kinds of products, from Indonesia, enter the markets of these countries. However, in , decreased by A year later, it rose And, in , again rose 6. Of the many export destinations in Indonesia, there is also an increase in the period —, including exports to the Philippines, Cambodia, Kenya, Haiti, Senegal, Gambia, Albania, Laos, and Nauru.
Although in Indonesia is faced with the political condition, it is being warmed up due to the presidential election. These conditions generally affect the growth of indicators. However, the exports of commodity and services may increase by by 6. A decrease in of 0. As the above description, it shows that export activity is still showing its impact and estimated to continue to go up in the following years. As much as countries whose purchases of Indonesian products are always high.
Here are 10 main export destinations in Indonesia, China with a Similarly, the condition of foreign trade in Aceh fluctuated ranging from to , which shows a significant slope caused by several things, such as Aceh hit by conflict in a long time. The following description of Aceh province exports from to is given in Table 1 , that illustrated the volume and revenue during thus ranges of the years. In Table 1, from to or about 19 years of international trading activity, there was a significant declining of slope in the export volume of 9.
In Table 1 , from to or about 19 years of international trading activity, there was a significant slope in the export volume of 9. Prior to , Aceh was in prolonged conflict and security problems that persisted during that period. In general, the slope in sales volume is followed by a decrease in export earnings caused by the global recession that resulted in a weakening in the international trading sector. The global recession of and the last year of has had influenced in general Indonesia and particularly Aceh Region EP as well.
In the discussion of corporate competence, both with regard to international competence and the whole business competence e. This finding is aligned with the study by Aaby and Slater However, in the research, it still needs to consider other supporting research that explains the competence of the company in regard to support the improvement of EP.
A literature coverage of the export market indicates that the competence of production, information, marketing, and sales is important in regard to the competence of export companies.
According to Morgan , these capabilities can be determined through their role in the process of providing value to customers in line of production of commodity such as value, construction, and delivery. Some approaches to the theory of corporate competency are tightly linked to resource-based view theory, where firms are appear as a specific set of resources and competencies LaPatterson, Therefore, specific EP greatly determines the position of additional proficiency of the firm in finding, creating, and delivering value to customers in the international trading market.
Experience is seen to affect to EP variable as it gives more companies in terms of the perspective of management, international trading and transactions, business partnerships, and others Majocchi et al.
In the wine industry in France, experience may have a positive effect to the EP. The firm develops organizational capabilities that enable long-term corporate survival and attracts corporate organizational structures through the framework of those capabilities Zehir et al. Dynamic management and organizational capabilities that effectively coordinate and divert inside and outer resources to environmental change are needed to support international expansion Damanpour and Aravind, Customer-oriented companies increase satisfaction with customers' capability to pay through communications Phan et al.
This sort of information provides an opportunity lead to higher customer repayment capabilities. As a consequence of this, high levels of information sharing can be presumed as a safeguard mechanism because it contributes to better decisions Phan et al. Communication can also affect the capability of customer payments through behavioral commitment.
Frequently sharing information strengthens relationships between importers and exporters, which prepares ways to assist customers when requested. Thus, they represent a major differentiator for banking institutions to maintain and achieve competitive advantage Vorhies et al.
Companies with higher levels of marketing ability are in a preferable position to identify and reply to existing and pent-up customer needs and build long-term customer relationships. The longer the business relationship, the better the perceived performance. Firm size reveals its capability to absorb marketing costs and reach economies of scale Agarwal and Ramaswami, Firms with larger resources are in a preferable bargaining position, which makes them poised to achieve higher levels of performance.
For exporting firm, volatility is the biggest concern coming from the environment, which means it is very hard to anticipate changes in overseas markets Gaur et al. However, as exporters maintain relationships with their overseas distributors which are based on co-operation, information exchange, and flexibility, this relationship minimizes the consequence of export volatility in overseas markets Bello et al.
Based on the approach derived from the contingent approach, there is a presumption that the external environment plays a key role in export activities Navarro et al. From the perspective of international experience, it allows exporters to reduce the uncertainty associated with the environment in overseas markets, and also to know properly the mechanism of this market work Navarro et al. The foreign market environment is very influential in the company to be able to enter, act, and interact to the market Rasheed, In some cases, due to the difficulties in measurement, most of the work on exports has ignored environmental factors, although recent research have indicate significant influence on organizational influence on strategic decisions and EP Kaleka and Berthon, The foreign market environment affects how companies can enter, engage, and act on it Rasheed, Due to the difficulty of measurement, most export activities have neglected environmental influences, although a recent study has indicated significant influence on organizational influence and subsequently on strategic decisions and EP Kaleka and Berthon, Banjir bandang juga menyebabkan sejumlah kerusakan fisik lainnya.
BPBD Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara mencatat satu unit jembatan rusak ringan, dua unit rumah rusak berat, kerusakan satu pasar tradisional, satu jalan penghubung desa rusak berat, dua fasilitas pendidikan terdampak serta merendam rumah. Setelah hujan dengan intensitas tinggi yang menyebabkan peningkatan debit air pada Sungai Lawe Kinga. Kondisi tersebut diperparah oleh adanya tumpukan material kayu yang akhirnya menyebabkan Sungai Lawe Kingan meluap sehingga merendam pemukiman warga.
Sampai saat ini, BPBD masih melakukan pendataan warga terdampak dan mengungsi serta menyalurkan bantuan logistik bersama dinas sosial setempat.
Sebagai upaya percepatan penanganan banjir, Bupati Aceh Tenggara menetapkan status tanggap darurat banjir bandang, terhitung mulai tanggal 5 sampai 18 Januari BPBD setempat terus melakukan kaji cepat dan berkoordinasi dengan instansi terkait guna mendukung upaya penanganan banjir. However, a coherent economic growth strategy is not yet in place.
This would consist of a sustainable, private-sector-driven, export-oriented economy in which products move up the value chain, creating more employment and improved productivity.
Policymakers should consistently pursue ongoing steps, such as removing the institutional barriers to growth, sustaining infrastructure investment especially beyond when the mandate of BRR, the government-established reconstruction agency, terminates , educating and training the workforce to suit a competitive labour market, and helping expand access of small and medium enterprises to capital and land.
The majority of GAM returnees belong to a productive age group, with over 75 per cent aged between years. Most of them are primary and junior secondary school educated. School dropouts and unemployed young men, especially in villages, have in the past been targeted for recruitment by GAM, and remain vulnerable.
While physical reintegration, in the sense that ex-combatants are accepted in their communities, seems to be successful, full reintegration has been less so. If these working-age young men remain unemployed, there is a high risk that crime increases and tensions rise. Many unemployed GAM returnees depend on their relatives for their livelihood. A World Bank survey indicates that Before joining GAM, around 30 per cent of them worked as farmers and many of these people who still have access to land can easily start working again.
However, for the majority, livelihood revival, in terms of providing access to capital markets with technical assistance, is a major need, next to the security of living in permanent housing. About half of them reveal that they want to be small traders. The urgency of launching economic empowerment programmes targeted specifically at GAM returnees has so far been disregarded, while attention has focused on difficulties with the provision of Jadup living allowances to around ex-combatants.
There is a whole range of activities that international agencies and local government can get involved in. Secondly, ex-combatants should be made confident of the immediate benefits from the peace process. Labour-intensive projects such as rebuilding or repairing local public infrastructure would create cash-for-work types of temporary employment before more sustainable economic activities emerge.
This would be far preferable to simply distributing Jadup to the communities without productive impacts. It is also easier to implement because it does not require an agreed list of GAM ex-combatants, which is a sensitive issue. For longer-term impacts on the economy and welfare of the Acehnese people, and to avoid future conflict, larger-scale private investments are necessary. A competitive future economy would rely on whether products and services provided by the private sector are competitive in the global market.
Private investments will then play a greater role in creating jobs and having trickle-down effects on local businesses. Local entrepreneurship will grow and exploit the available opportunities in Aceh. A long-lasting peace may not be an utopian ideal.
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